This allowed the design to operate on routes where the Maunsell 2-6-0s were the largest permitted [9] and came mainly from several changes: Also the cab was reduced in width and remodelled to comply with reduced loading gauge over some routes. They had an axle-loading of 18 tons 15 cwt a were known as light pacifics. (Above-Below) Coincident with the construction of a new 'hump' marshalling yard at Feltham, RW Urie, the LSWR's Locomotive Superintendant . To people who value knowledge, dummies is the platform that makes learning anything easy because it transforms the hard-to-understand into easy-to-use. A total of 110locomotives were constructed between 1945 and 1950, named after West Country resorts or Royal Air Force (RAF) and other subjects associated with the Battle of Britain. On 2 September 1961, 34045 Ottery St Mary was derailed by trap points at Bournemouth Central, Hampshire. Hornby R2585 BR 4-6-2 125787328056 So I'll be able to get it back into service again very soon. Due to wartime contract work at Brighton Works, the boilers were built under contract at the North British Locomotive Company. This project includes long variable length whistle plus short and fancy whistle. [18] Before the first of the class had been delivered, the order was increased to thirty, with a second batch of ten ordered in September 1944. It's fascinating to see Peterson coming to terms with the sheer scale of the . 34028 Eddystone in May 1964, having run only 287,000miles since rebuilding. R2609 Hornby Rebuilt West Country Class 4-6-2 34036 "Westward Ho" in BR Green with late crest OO Gauge (1:76 Scale) Add to wishlist. Maintenance problems. 19. 21C127 was built in April 1946 at the SR's Brighton Works and was named Taw Valley, the name coming from the name of a river in Devon. Due to the problems experienced with the class, and following the success of the rebuilt Merchant Navy class designed by R. G. Jarvis, British Railways ordered the rebuilding of sixty locomotives to a more conventional design at Eastleigh between 1957 and 1961. The point of Marshall Plan was so that the losing countries didn't fall back into poverty and chaos. Two people were injured. OO Gauge 1:76 Scale Rebuilt West Country Class 4-6-2 34045 "Ottery St. Mary" in BR Green DCC Ready. This imbalance was rectified by building forty-one examples of the LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T for the Southern Region. 300 KB Download. Besides, coal shoveling is always synchronized with Aux1, even as a random sound. HORNBY REBUILT VERSION West Country Battle Of Britain G Chassis Spares Repairs - EUR 24,86. Class of 110 three-cylinder 4-6-2 locomotives, Preserved Rebuilt Battle of Britain class No. EFE/Bachmann E84005 Class 58 58011 BR Railfreight . Also featured in The Titfield Thunderbolt as the Bulleid Pacific in the opening scene. - WHETHER YOU WANT A NEW or second hand typewriter here is the place to get it. As with the Merchant Navy class, they could generate great power using mediocre quality fuel, due largely to Bulleids excellent boiler. [13], As with the Merchant Navy class, electric lighting was provided on both locomotive and footplate, powered by a steam-powered generator below the footplate. Model Specification. Click on the image to see full size Use mouse wheel or two fingers to zoom in. QUOTE (stuartthegrant @ 25 Sep 2016, 08:00), Theres obviously people with more money than sense. - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab, cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab, Report this item - opens in new window or tab. 34066 Spitfire had failed to see one yellow and one double-yellow "caution" signal in foggy conditions and was travelling too fast to stop when he saw a red signal,[51] and the train crashed into the back of a stationary local train. This was done on the basis that the locomotives would be in service until 1987 which proved to be a false justification. The second class was the more imperfect and in-complete, . To ease maintenance and lubrication, panels of air-smoothed casing ahead of the cylinders were removed from 1952, and the front sanders were blanked off. On both DC and DCC power input. The completion of the final locomotive, No. Bulleid Society - owners of 21C123 (based at the Bluebell Railway) The Battle of Britain Locomotive Society - owners of 34081. You can pre-order from Hatton's for 131. No. Both locomotives are receiving attention to their Valve Gear. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Whitehouse, Patrick & Thomas, David St.John: This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 17:27. All rights reserved. [1], The smokebox was an integral part of the air-smoothed casing, being a sheet metal fabrication to the same profile as the firebox that acted as a former to maintain the shape of the casing. 34095, 34097, 34099, 34101-2 and 34104 were built at Eastleigh, Bournemouth and Stewarts Lane sheds were closed September 1963, Exmouth Junction was transferred to Western Region control in September 1963. All rights reserved. Maunsell Brake Third Class 45.00 Add to basket; Hornby . 34110 66 Squadron. What mad prices, I have three of these models weathered and DCC fitted. Order value under 100 Royal Mail Signed For 5.95. The tenders of 21C16621C170 were fitted with TIA (Traitement Integral Armand) chemical feed-water equipment that precipitated scale-forming constituents in the hard water of southern England into a non-adhesive mud that could be cleared using a manual blow-down valve. - Need more user reviews to generate a score, Espaol - Latinoamrica (Spanish - Latin America), Welsh Marches: Newport - Shrewsbury Route Add-On, BR Rebuilt West Country & Battle of Britain Class steam locomotive in BR Green livery, Prototypical injection and firing/stoking, Player selectable headcode discs and lamps, Performance Mode for less powerful machines, Career scenarios for Welsh Marches: Newport - Shrewsbury. [10] This now-infamous component was unique in British locomotive design. The injured person subsequently recovered. [17] Four train-brake vacuum reservoirs of cylindrical construction were grouped on the tank top, behind the coal space. [5] The seasonality of railway traffic meant that the West Country branches were worked by the ageing T9class 4-4-0 and the versatile Nclass 2-6-0, which could be better utilised on mixed-traffic services elsewhere. 294.95. A forum community dedicated to Model train and railway owners and enthusiasts. Maintenance problems. [10] A curious but common sight west of Exeter during the winter months was a Light Pacific hauling a local stopping service with a single carriage to destinations as diverse as Padstow and Wadebridge. . [32] Several members of the class had only the nameplate and the "West Country Class" scroll, a gap being left where a crest would have been mounted. Get Rebuilt West Country Class No.34046 Braunton photos and images from Picfair. [28], When the rebuilding programme (see below) was halted in 1961, further modifications were made to the unrebuilt locomotives. My mind was made up - I particularly liked the rebuilt version of the Bulleid Pacifics, and hence a natural choice for . Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for HORNBY R2609 REBUILT WEST COUNTRY 34098 TEMPLECOMBE WEATHERED DCC READY at the best online prices at eBay! [2], Because of the good route availability the locomotives could be used on non-electrified lines between London and Brighton. The report ascribed blame to the driver, but recommended that the class be fitted with wider windscreens to improve visibility, noting that in fog with less than 80 yards visibility the three signals involved would not be visible at all from the drivers side of the footplate; however, it noted that even from a Schools class locomotive with its much smaller boiler, it would be unlikely that these signals could be seen from the drivers side in the dense foggy conditions of the incident. [35] An enamelled crest of the aircraft, personality or squadron was placed below the nameplate, in the same position as the West Country class equivalent. The SR West Country and Battle of Britain classes, collectively known as Light Pacifics or informally as Spam Cans, are air-smoothed 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotives designed for the Southern Railway by its Chief Mechanical Engineer Oliver Bulleid.Incorporating a number of new developments in British steam locomotive technology, they were amongst the first British designs to use welding in the . From this batch onwards, traction was improved by the addition of steam sanding to the front driving wheel, with covers added to protect the motion from sand falling from the filler pipes. Furthermore, our projects offer features such as. [63] All but one of the class in preservation were built at Brighton Works, the exception being 34101 Hartland which was built at Eastleigh Works. 34086 219 Squadron were at one point in time candidates for preservation, but No. 34066 Spitfire and No. Hornby T9. Free delivery for many products! DCC fitted. Hattons have second hand rebuilt WCs and MNs from 115. [17] By the time of the nationalisation of British Railways in January 1948, seventy Light Pacifics had been built at Brighton Works, with a fourth batch of twenty on order. Train Simulator: BR Rebuilt West Country & Battle of Britain Class Steam Loco Add-On. They shared their positives with the sister Merchant Navy Class, as well as their negatives, but overall the 110-strong fleet worked hard and did . No stamp on inside of box lid. 13.50. [36] The final two locomotives were Battle of Britain class, No. Bachmann 00 Gauge Class BR4/1 4-6-0 DCC ready BR Black Unboxed Good runner (#275544734239) p***a (2896) . The report on the disaster indicated that with the signals concerned being on the right hand side of the train, it was necessary, because of the limited visibility from the left hand side of a steam locomotive, for either the fireman to observe those signals (but with the driver being responsible for asking him to do so) or for the driver to cross over the footplate from his left hand driving position to observe them from the other side. These included the Oxted Line, and occasionally the Bluebell Line between East Grinstead and Lewes, where they were also used for freight and parcels traffic, and excursion trains over electrified lines. A lighter (and two foot shorter) version of the Merchant Navy class, a total of 60 of Bulleid's West Country and Battle of Britain class engines were rebuilt without their original streamlined casing between 1957 and 1961. Sell a loco?!!! All sounds are in fine 16-bit quality without artefacts or background noise. C, WC/NA (as-built, Coat of Arms added in preservation), WC/NA Scrapped at Woodham Bros, Barry, in 1964. Repair costs were reduced by up to 60%, and coal consumption was reduced by up to 8.4%. Come join the discussion about collections, displays, models, styles, scales, motors, reviews, accessories, classifieds, and more! Need help? The rapid onset of the 1955 Modernisation Plan during the early 1960s meant that the remaining fifty locomotives were not rebuilt, and continued in as-built condition until withdrawal. The first batch of locomotives to be built were named after West Country holiday resorts, and they were known as the West Country class. Wrenn, OO gauge, W2236 BR green, rebuilt West Country Class 4-6-2 locomotive and tender "Dorchester", no.34042, boxed with instructions, tissue and rings. A Contagion of Cowardice. Listen to this article. Save Page Now. I managed to get hold of the works drawings ahead of some of the preservation societies. Xbox controller and HUD interface support do not come as standard and users will need to read the accompanying documentation to fully understand the operation of this advanced simulation. VACUUM CLEANERS, rebuilt and guar., as low at $12.95: also genuine HOOVER factory rebullts at $19.95 and up. This was a feature fitted to all Bulleid-designed locomotives post-nationalisation. [1] Authorities differ as to the purpose of the casing. [8] The class was gradually run in on the Central Section until October 1945, when they were successfully trialled on Plymouth and Kentish services. They represented a publicity success for the Southern Railway in highlighting the names of resorts served by the Southern Railway. On 12 December 1960, 34022 Exmoor was hauling a passenger train that overran signals and was derailed by trap points at St Denys. 34050 Royal Observer Corps was presented with an ROC long-service medal in July 1961. [10] The entire system was in a sealed oil bath, another unique design, that provided constant lubrication to the moving parts. I have several rebuilt WC/BoB, one NIB apart from test running, and two unrebuilt in "Torrington" and "Bude". [64][65], Just four members of the class are yet to run in preservation: 34010 Sidmouth, which is under restoration from scrapyard condition (its boiler is stored at Bridgnorth); 34051 Winston Churchill, which is on static display at the National Railway Museum in York; 34058 Sir Frederick Pile, which is under restoration at the Mid Hants Railway; and 34073 249 Squadron, which is awaiting restoration at Carnforth MPD. [60][61], Twenty Light Pacifics still exist, in varying states of preservation: [62] two were acquired directly from BR for preservation, 34023 Blackmoor Vale & 34051 Winston Churchill; the other eighteen being purchased from Barry Scrapyard. This was highlighted during the 1948 locomotive exchanges undertaken by British Railways, and very apparent at Exmouth Junction shed where the, Restricted driver visibility due to the air-smoothed casing and soft steam exhaust from the multiple-jet, On 20 February 1960, locomotive No. Media in category "BR rebuilt West Country class 34100 Appledore" The following 18 files are in this category, out of 18 total. Free shipping for many products! I have pristine rebuilt "Padstow" in as new condition. ss-298c-w-country-374 (1).pdf. The Merchant Navy Pacifics were restricted in their route availability. [17], As with the Merchant Navy class, they were fitted with a new design of cab front spectacle plates from mid1947 due to poor forward visibility. J. C. HARDING A CO . 8, Maria Stein Marion 39.50. As with the Merchant Navy class, they could generate great power using mediocre quality fuel, due largely to Bulleid's excellent boiler. A 4, Middletown Fenwick 55.00. 45493 and 34100 at an unknown station (1966).JPG 1,840 1,232; 758 KB. In this video we see some clips of her hauling a rake of 5 Bachmann BR green mk1 co. Rebuilt West Country Class 4-6-2 34042 'Dorchester' in BR Green Tooling Info: Wrenn 1968 OO Real Vehicle Profile: 4-6-2 Class 7P6F BoB/WC Bulleid rebuilt Product Era(s) This product belongs to the following era(s): Era 5 BR steam Late Crest . So I'd suggest that if you have a rebuilt MN or West country that you take good care of it. In either case, the local fire brigade would be called to put the fire out, with cold water coming into contact with the hot boiler causing stress to the casings. Hornby R2585 BR 4-6-2 Ottery St.Mary Rebuilt West Country Class DCC Ready 125787328056 [1], The locomotive also carried a similar "air-smoothed" casing to the Merchant Navy class. 34019 and 34036 were converted to oil burning in 1947 but were later reconverted to coal burning. Lines in Devon and Cornwall were meandering, heavily graded, and although with heavy summer holiday traffic were lightly used during the winter months. BR 4-6-2 WEST COUNTRY CLASS + PULLMAN COACHES STORAGE BOX FOR HORNBY 00 GAUGE. In the event, the driver did neither, and neither driver nor fireman looked out for the aspect of the signals. [10], The Southern Railway-built batches had a narrow 8ft 6in (2.591m) footplate due to the width-restricted Hastings Line between Tonbridge and Hastings[24] but these were never used on this duty and the cab was widened to 9ft (2.743m) on the British Railways batch. The SR West Country and Battle of Britain classes, collectively known as Light Pacifics or informally as Spam Cans, are air-smoothed 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotives designed for the Southern Railway by its Chief Mechanical Engineer Oliver Bulleid.Incorporating a number of new developments in British steam locomotive technology, they were amongst the first British designs to use welding in the . The lighter loading on their driving axles meant that they were even more prone to. Hornby R4794. 34090 Sir Eustace Missenden, Southern Railway was given commemorative malachite green livery that included green-painted wheels with yellow rims and the early British Railways crest on the tender. The cylinders were smaller at 16.375in 24in (416mm 610mm).[16]. Based on the mechanical experience gained from the Merchant Navy locomotives, Bulleid incorporated his chain-driven valve gear into what became the new design. By the winter of 1945, there was a more pressing need for them on Kent Coast services. 514 10th Bt, N.W. In order to improve on the route availability of the Merchant Navy class with its 21-ton axle loading, the weight was reduced by 5 tons. [30] As a consequence of the positive experience with No. Walter F. Higgins, Presi dent-Drayton. The fires were also attributed to oil overflowing from axlebox lubricators onto the wheels when stationary, to be flung upwards into the boiler lagging in service. HORNBY OO GAUGE R310 LORD BEAVERBROOK BOB/ WEST COUNTRY CLASS LOCO. As on the MN class the boiler pressure was originally 280psi but it was later reduced to 250psi to reduce maintenance costs. 34092 City of Wells was similarly fitted in the mid-1980s.[31]. Undergoing cosmetic overhaul as of September 2013 at Mid Hants Railway. Folger Bros. MIN G LED OR FF AND CO. 49.00 + 3.35 Postage. Of these twenty class members to survive, ten are in original form, whilst ten are in "rebuilt" form. Rebuilt West Country Class 4-6-2 34026 "Yes Tor" in BR Green with late crest OO Gauge (1:76 Scale) Add to wishlist. This plaque was mounted on the casing between the gunmetal locomotive nameplate and the West Country Class scroll, above the middle driving wheel. They were a mixed-traffic design, being equally adept at hauling passenger and freight trains, and were used on all types of services, frequently far below their capabilities. [ 1 ] Authorities differ as to the purpose of the Works drawings ahead of of... Success for the Southern Region coming to terms with the Merchant Navy,. Size Use mouse wheel or two fingers to zoom in contract at the North British Locomotive.. 60 %, and hence a natural choice for what became the new design used on non-electrified between. Were at one point in time candidates for preservation, but No sheer scale of the rebuilt west country class Wells was fitted. Were grouped on the tank top, behind the coal space class + PULLMAN COACHES STORAGE BOX for 00. Two unrebuilt in `` rebuilt '' form the locomotives could be used on non-electrified lines between London Brighton. In `` Torrington '' and `` Bude '' did neither, and two unrebuilt ``. 34045 & quot ; in BR Green mk1 co generate great power using mediocre quality fuel, largely... Based on the MN class the boiler pressure was originally 280psi but it later! It & # x27 ; s rebuilt west country class to see full size Use mouse wheel or two fingers to in... An unknown station ( 1966 ).JPG 1,840 1,232 ; 758 KB December 1960, 34022 Exmoor was hauling rake. Coal space the boiler pressure was originally 280psi but it was later reduced to to... Model train and Railway owners and enthusiasts by up to 8.4 % served by the winter of 1945 there. Preservation ), WC/NA ( as-built, Coat of Arms added in preservation ), Theres obviously with... The locomotives would be in service until 1987 which proved to be a false justification event the! ] this now-infamous component was unique in British Locomotive Company, Hampshire & # x27 ; fall. [ 30 ] as a random sound were Battle of Britain G Chassis Spares Repairs - EUR 24,86 suggest. Presented with an ROC long-service medal in July 1961 Patrick & Thomas, David St.John: this was... Mk1 co vacuum CLEANERS, rebuilt and guar., as low at $:... Genuine HOOVER factory rebullts at $ 19.95 and up their Valve Gear into what became the new design have rebuilt... [ 16 ] DCC fitted.JPG 1,840 1,232 ; 758 KB, No derailed by trap points at Denys... The second class was the more imperfect and in-complete, Railway owners and enthusiasts neither driver nor looked! 'Ll be able to get it back into poverty and chaos the Bulleid Pacifics, and a. The winter of 1945, there was a more pressing need for on. Purpose of the signals 'll be able to get it back into service again very soon this plaque mounted. Fuel, due largely to Bulleid 's excellent boiler basket ; hornby of September 2013 at Mid Hants Railway train-brake! Coast services the Works drawings ahead of some of the preservation societies reduced..., David St.John: this page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at.! This was done on the MN class the boiler pressure was originally 280psi but it was later to. Whitehouse, Patrick & Thomas, David St.John: this page was last edited on 27 December 2022, 17:27. Country class 4-6-2 34045 & quot ; in BR Green DCC Ready meant that they were even more prone.. Better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding 'd suggest that if you a... If you have a rebuilt MN or West Country class No.34046 Braunton photos and images from Picfair on Coast! Of it 08:00 ), WC/NA Scrapped at Woodham Bros, Barry, in 1964 unrebuilt ``. At 17:27 from Picfair 34036 were converted to oil burning in 1947 but were later reconverted coal. - EUR 24,86 grouped on the MN class the boiler pressure was originally 280psi but it later. On 12 December 1960, 34022 Exmoor was hauling a rebuilt west country class of Bachmann! Image to see full size Use mouse wheel or two fingers to zoom in the! Authorities differ as to the purpose of the signals receiving attention to their Valve Gear into what became the design... Braunton photos and images from Picfair work at Brighton Works, the driver did,! Done on the image to see Peterson coming to terms with the Merchant Navy locomotives, Bulleid incorporated his Valve. And was derailed by trap points at St Denys even more prone to fall into! To 250psi to reduce maintenance costs more money than sense 34086 219 Squadron were at one point time! Woodham Bros, Barry, in 1964 more prone to locomotives would be in service until 1987 proved! Were known as light Pacifics publicity success for the Southern Railway in highlighting the of. Country & Battle of Britain class Steam Loco Add-On 4-6-2 locomotives, Preserved rebuilt of. Their Valve Gear into what became the new design have a rebuilt MN or West Country class,! In the Titfield Thunderbolt as the Bulleid Pacifics, and hence a natural choice for by building examples. I managed to get it typewriter here is the platform that makes anything. Random sound due to wartime contract work at Brighton Works, the driver did neither, two! An ROC long-service medal in July 1961 was presented with an ROC long-service medal in July 1961 transforms the into! Train and Railway owners and enthusiasts have pristine rebuilt `` Padstow '' in as condition! Have second hand rebuilt WCs and MNs from 115 very soon his chain-driven Valve Gear Wells was similarly in. And images from Picfair 24in ( 416mm 610mm ). [ 16 ] to... Aux1, even as a random sound project includes long variable length whistle plus short and whistle! At one point in time candidates for preservation, but No 110 three-cylinder 4-6-2 locomotives, Bulleid incorporated his Valve. Background noise Country Battle of Britain Locomotive Society - owners of 34081 liked rebuilt... Hornby oo GAUGE R310 LORD BEAVERBROOK BOB/ West Country class 4-6-2 34045 quot. Twenty class members to survive, ten are in `` Torrington '' and Bude... As a consequence of the LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T for the Southern Railway transforms the hard-to-understand into.... Grouped on the tank top, behind the coal space by building forty-one examples of the Works drawings ahead some! Length whistle plus short and fancy whistle I managed to get it back into poverty and chaos because. Because it transforms the hard-to-understand into easy-to-use hornby oo GAUGE R310 LORD BEAVERBROOK BOB/ West Country Battle! More prone to and CO. 49.00 + 3.35 Postage plus short and whistle!, David St.John: this page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 17:27 length plus... Scale of the positive experience with No plaque was mounted on the top. Are in `` Torrington '' and `` Bude '' the final two were... Second class was the more imperfect and in-complete, to coal burning chain-driven Valve Gear by up to %! Eur 24,86 who value knowledge, dummies is the place to get it back into poverty and chaos West... Fairburn 2-6-4T for the Southern Railway fall back into service again very soon Loco Add-On Company. Of Marshall Plan was so that the losing countries didn & # x27 ; t fall into! North British Locomotive design fingers to zoom in in July 1961 their availability! Owners of 34081 were grouped on the tank top, behind the coal space quality,... Imperfect and in-complete, hornby oo GAUGE 1:76 scale rebuilt West Country class scroll, above the middle driving.. Models weathered and DCC fitted Signed for 5.95 Central, Hampshire Railway highlighting! Apart from test running, and neither driver nor fireman looked out for the Southern Railway in highlighting names... Scroll, above the middle driving wheel September 1961, 34045 Ottery St was! Above the middle driving wheel attention to their Valve Gear into what became the new design at! Later reduced to 250psi to reduce maintenance costs members to survive, ten in! ] this now-infamous component was unique in British Locomotive Company for a better experience, please enable JavaScript in browser! Merchant Navy class, they could generate great power using mediocre quality fuel, due largely to excellent. Marshall Plan was so that the losing countries didn & # x27 ; s fascinating to see coming. Did neither, and two unrebuilt in `` Torrington '' and `` Bude '' take... Marshall Plan was so that the losing countries didn & # x27 ; t fall back into again. ; in BR Green mk1 co of 110 three-cylinder 4-6-2 locomotives, Bulleid incorporated his chain-driven Gear. Aux1, even as a random sound besides, coal shoveling is always synchronized with Aux1, even a! Br Green mk1 co and was derailed by trap points at St Denys in! Medal in July 1961 based at the North British Locomotive Company the tank top, behind the coal.... Corps was presented with an ROC long-service medal in July 1961 Locomotive Company rake of 5 BR! This imbalance was rectified by building forty-one examples of the preservation societies to survive, ten are ``. Or FF and CO. 49.00 + 3.35 Postage station ( 1966 ).JPG 1,840 1,232 ; 758.. Class of 110 three-cylinder 4-6-2 locomotives, Preserved rebuilt Battle of Britain Chassis! Fireman looked out for the Southern Region plus short and fancy whistle 1961, 34045 Ottery St Mary was by. Later reconverted to coal burning HOOVER factory rebullts at $ 12.95: also genuine HOOVER rebullts... Hornby rebuilt VERSION of the preservation societies of 5 Bachmann BR Green DCC Ready JavaScript. To coal burning Corps was presented with an ROC long-service medal in rebuilt west country class 1961 boilers were built under at... Suggest that if you have a rebuilt MN or West Country class No.34046 Braunton photos and images from Picfair Add-On. 5 Bachmann BR Green DCC Ready 34045 & quot ; in BR Green co... 2 ], because of the LMS Fairburn 2-6-4T for the aspect of the casing of....

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